Detailed Analysis for UPSC\OPSC
1. Deccan High-Level Principles on Food Security (G20, 2023):
- These principles aim to tackle food insecurity worsened by climate change, conflicts, and global shocks.
- Key points include coordinated humanitarian food assistance, improved food supply chains, stronger market transparency, and supportive government safety nets, especially targeting vulnerable communities.
- India led their adoption, reinforcing G20's accountability for global food security and aligning with SDG2: Zero Hunger.
- Initiatives include innovation in agriculture, promoting millets, and sharing best practices within G20.
- India’s flexible approach, like export bans but continuing aid to nations in crisis, highlights balancing domestic and global priorities.
2. Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group (G20):
- The DRR Working Group, initiated under India’s presidency, addresses vulnerabilities from increasing disasters (G20 faces average annual losses of $218 billion).
- Focus areas: early warning for all, disaster/climate-resilient infrastructure, strengthening finance mechanisms for DRR, and ecosystem-based solutions.
- Underlying ethos: global solidarity, knowledge transfer, and inclusive capacity building.
3. Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI):
- CDRI, launched by India in 2019, is a multi-country partnership to make infrastructure resilient to climate risks.
- Recent: $2.5 million Urban Infrastructure Resilience Programme for climate resilience in 30 countries.
- Focal areas: protecting critical assets, heat-resilient school design, and supporting island states with IRIS.
- Data: Climate disasters cause global losses of $700 billion/year, affecting vulnerable economies most.
4. G20 Leadership and India’s Diplomacy:
- India’s advocacy for Global South interests and equitable development places it as a lead actor in multilateral forums.
- These steps echo themes in UPSC: multilateralism, development diplomacy, and foreign policy strategy.
Probable Questions for UPSC
Prelims (Objective)
- Which body adopted the Deccan High-Level Principles on Food Security in 2023?
- The Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group was initiated under the presidency of which G20 member?
- CDRI primarily focuses on:
- a) Digital infrastructure
- b) Resilient infrastructure for disasters
- c) Financial technology
- d) Energy exports
- Annual global losses from climate disasters are estimated at:
- a) $7 billion
- b) $700 billion
- c) $218 billion
- d) $2.5 billion
- What is the aim of the IRIS initiative under CDRI?
Mains (Descriptive)
- Analyze the significance of the Deccan High-Level Principles for global food security and nutrition, with reference to India’s leadership at G20.
- Critically evaluate India’s contributions to disaster risk reduction through G20’s DRR Working Group and the CDRI initiative. How do these reflect India’s foreign policy priorities and development diplomacy?
- Discuss the role of multilateral forums like G20 in shaping India’s position on climate change and sustainable development.
- “India’s presidency at G20 marks a shift towards substantive global action on food security and climate resilience.” Examine with examples.
Data & Facts for Enrichment
- Deccan Principles: Facilitating humanitarian aid, transparent markets, safety nets for Net Food Importing Developing Countries.
- CDRI: Launched by India in 2019 at UN Summit; recent fund: $2.5 million for climate resilience—the initiative covers 30 low and middle-income countries.
- Climate disasters: Global annual loss approx. $700 billion, with G20’s exposure at $218 billion per year.
- G20, under India, promoted millet cultivation as part of food security policy.
- Ecosystem-based approaches and nature-based DRR solutions prioritized in G20’s roadmap.
UPSC Mentor Strategy: How to Crack These Questions
- Prelims: Focus on recent official documents, international summits, and India-led global initiatives. Use one-liner facts and acronyms for G20, CDRI, Deccan Principles.
- Mains: Build answers with structured points—background, recent steps, data, impact analysis, and critical appraisal. Always relate India’s objectives with international obligations and showcase flexibility in balancing national vs. global priorities.
- Data Use: In both answers and essays, sprinkle facts: dates, monetary figures, SDG goals, flagship schemes, and best practices for answer enrichment.
- Practice: Simulate test conditions by framing answers within 200-250 words, using headings and bullet points for clarity.
- Syllabus Linkages: Tie your explanations to mains GS Paper II (IR, Governance, Multilateralism), GS Paper III (Environment, Disaster Management), and Ethics (global responsibility, equity).
This holistic, data-rich approach ensures readiness for both objective and analytical questions around India’s diplomatic, environmental, and multilateral strategies.